Grand Theft Paycheck: The Large Corporations Shortchanging Their Workers’ Wages

New research finds that a wide range of big corporations have been shortchanging the people who work for them

by Philip Mattera with a chapter on policy recommendations by Adam Shah
June 2018

Washington, DC-A new report finds that many large corporations operating in the United States have boosted their profits by forcing employees to work off the clock, cheating them out of required overtime pay and engaging in similar practices that together are known as wage theft.

The detailed analysis of federal and state court records shows that these corporations have paid out billions of dollars to resolve wage theft lawsuits brought by workers. Walmart, which has long been associated with such practices, has paid the most, but the list of the most-penalized employers also includes Bank of America, Wells Fargo and other large banks and insurance companies as well as major technology and healthcare corporations. Many of the large corporations are repeat offenders, and 450 firms have each paid out $1 million or more in settlements and/or judgments.

These are among the findings in Grand Theft Paycheck: The Large Corporations Shortchanging Their Workers’ Wages published today by the Corporate Research Project of Good Jobs First and Jobs With Justice Education Fund. It is available at www.goodjobsfirst.org/wagetheft

“Our findings make it clear that wage theft goes far beyond sweatshops, fast-food outlets and retailers. It is built into the business model of a substantial portion of Corporate America,” said Good Jobs First Research Director Philip Mattera, the lead author of the report.

(Read More – Press Release)

(PDF Copy of Full Report)

(Read More)

Minnesota Wage Growth Exceeds Neighbors & Rest of United States (MN)

Date: September 12, 2018
Author: Frank Manzo IV

Chicago: A trio of new research studies shows that more people are joining unions in Minnesota and that wages in the Gopher State are growing faster than the neighboring states of Illinois and Wisconsin, as well as in the rest of the United States.

Produced by the Midwest Economic Policy Institute with researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Minnesota, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and University of California-Irvine, the annual State of the Unions Research series profiles unionization rates and hourly wages in Minnesota, Illinois, and Wisconsin.

Based on data from the U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Census Bureau, the studies offer a comparative window into the economic effects of different state-level approaches to labor and economic policy.

“While the rise of right-to-work laws and other national economic trends are no doubt impacting unionization and wage growth, differences in state-level policymaking can either accelerate or blunt these broader trends,” said Midwest Economic Policy Institute Policy Director Frank Manzo IV. “The data shows that Wisconsin’s model has produced lower wages and slower wage growth, while Minnesota’s has had the opposite effect.”

The reports highlight economic data over the last decade, at a time when Wisconsin opted for more austerity and weakened labor standards- specifically placing limits on collective bargaining (Act 10), repealing prevailing wage, and enacting a so-called “right-to-work” law.

Despite a budget crisis and efforts by its Governor to pursue an agenda similar to Wisconsin’s, the authors note that Illinois has largely maintained a status quo, augmented by the City of Chicago’s decision to raise its minimum wage.

(Read More)

(Report: State of the Unions – Minnesota)

(Report: State of the Unions – Wisconsin)

(Report: State of the Unions – Illinois)

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Historic community benefits agreement reached! (TN)

September 4, 2018
Stand Up Nashville

Stand Up Nashville is very proud to announce that after several months of intense negotiations with Nashville Soccer Holdings (NSH), we have reached a landmark agreement that sets a new standard for development, including the following commitments:

Affordable Housing

  • 20% of all housing units built at the development site will be set aside as Affordable and Workforce Housing.
  • A commitment to 3 bedroom units that reflect the need for family housing in our city.

Wage Floor

  • NSH agrees to directly hire stadium workers (ushers, ticket takers, box office janitorial, custodial, maintenance, field maintenance employees) and pay them at least $15.50 an hour.
  • The establishment of a first-of-its kind targeted hiring program in Nashville with dedicated staff that will connect individuals with barriers to employment to future job opportunities at the stadium.

Community Services & Amenities

  • 4,000 sq ft will go to a childcare facility, which will operate on a sliding scale.
  • 4,000 sq ft will go to establishing micro-unit retail spaces for artisans and local small businesses at a reduced rental rate.
  • NSH will host annual coaching clinics for Metro School and other youth soccer coaches and donate soccer equipment to these programs.

Jobs and Workforce Development

  • Mandatory safety training for all construction workers and supervisors.
  • Leveling the playing field for responsible contractors that provide safe, thriving careers for their employees.
  • Construction careers for individuals with barriers to employment, especially from Promise Zones.
  • Inclusion of minority contractors.

Community Advisory Committee

  • A Joint Committee will be established with community representation. This Committee will oversee the implementation of the CBA, monitor successes, ensure compliance with the terms of the CBA, and produce an annual public report.

SUN remains steadfast in this fight and recommits ourselves to ensuring development benefits all Nashvillians. “For many Nashvillans, this marks the end of hopelessness and the beginning of a new and better Nashville. Housing our residents and improving conditions for workers is the responsibility of the people, the electorate, and developers,” said Odessa Kelly, Co-Chair of Stand Up Nashville. “We call on our elected representatives to ensure safe and just working conditions for the hardworking men and women who build this city. No developer should get such huge taxpayer subsidies and not be held to a high standard of providing a safe and dignified job to workers in our city.”

(Visit SUN’s website)

Council approves rules to encourage local labor on city construction projects (IL)

By Crystal Thomas – Staff Writer
Posted Sep 5, 2018 at 12:01 AM

Springfield City Council members unanimously voted Tuesday to strengthen an ordinance that encourages contractors to have city residents work on at least half of the hours needed for city construction projects worth more than $100,000.

With the changes, contractors who don’t make any effort to hire locally can be barred from bidding on city construction projects for up to three years, and those that do use a crew made up of more than 50 percent local workers will be awarded.

The changes were made to a local labor ordinance passed in 2016. It fined contractors who failed to utilize enough Springfield workers on city construction jobs. If a contractor used no local labor, it could be fined up to 2.5 percent of the total bid – a $25,000 penalty on a $1 million construction contract.

Now, contractors can be rewarded using the same formula. If all Springfield labor is used on a construction job, the company would receive an additional 2.5 percent of the total bid.

Ward 3 Ald. Doris Turner called the amended ordinance the “carrot and stick approach” to hiring local.

Turner and Ward 1 Ald. Chuck Redpath met with city officials last week to hammer out the changes council members wanted to see after Langfelder proposed his changes more than a month ago.

Turner said she saw the ordinance as way to promote work and careers for local residents. It establishes that a contractor would need to be affiliated with an apprenticeship program and use more minority workers.

(Read More)

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Former Wessman Development LLC could owe Kimpton project workers more wages (CA)

Amy DiPierro
Palm Springs Desert Sun
Published 10:53 a.m. PT
Sept. 10, 2018

Kimpton Hotel and other real estate developments in downtown Palm Springs are subject to a prevailing wage, a state agency has found, due in part to more than $140 million in city funding and projected tax rebates to the complex. The California Department of Industrial Relations’ determination means the developer of the projects could owe untold amounts of additional wages to workers who built the hotel and shopping district.

The DIR’s August 13 letter, which determined the downtown project is subject to prevailing wage, could sully a tony new development that city officials have hailed for revitalizing the downtown corridor, even after the original developer of the project was charged with allegedly bribing city officials for a sweetheart deal.

Palm Springs Promenade LLC, the limited liability company formed by Wessman Development to build the Kimpton and Virgin hotels as well as office and retail space, received $46 million in city funding and could receive an additional $100 million in potential transient occupancy tax refunds, according to a detailed review of city contracts by DIR.

The prevailing wage rate is the hourly wage paid to a majority of like workers on public works projects in the same place or labor market. Essentially, a prevailing wage is a minimum wage for specific types of workers, when they work on projects that benefit from public funds.

While some cities exempt publicly-funded projects from prevailing wage because of their benefits to residents, DIR Acting Director André Schoorl concluded in the agency’s determination that the downtown complex is not exempt, because the project is neither built, owned nor operated by the city and has the primary purpose of private profit.
“The city’s decision to subsidize the profit margin of (a) private landowner in the city’s downtown is not equivalent in purpose, scale, or function, to the purely municipal acts of building a local fire station or fencing for a reservoir,” Schoorl wrote.

The DIR determination means construction workers that built the Kimpton and other downtown structures could get a boost if wages are found to be owed. Workers and other interested parties may file a complaint with DIR, according to the agency, which would then trigger an investigation into whether workers have already received the correct prevailing wages or not.

California charter cities can pass laws exempting locally-funding public works projects from state prevailing wage law if they are deemed to be purely “municipal affairs,” like a fire department or library.

But in an August 13 letter, DIR Acting Director André Schoorl noted the hotel and shopping development built by Palm Springs Promenade “has no such obvious public purpose” that would make it exempt from paying prevailing wage. And while the city sought to incentivize developers to invest in blighted properties downtown, Schoorl concluded construction in downtown Palm Springs “was primarily undertaken for private benefit and profit, with a subsidiary goal of removing blight.”

The Center for Contract Compliance, a nonprofit labor advocate founded by contractors unions, in January 2017 requested DIR review whether the downtown project is subject to prevailing wage.

Although DIR determinations do not set a precedent – meaning it is advice given to a specific project, not a precedent applying to subsequent cases – Center for Contract Compliance Executive Director Branden Lopez said the reasoning in the Palm Springs Promenade case could apply to other jobs, too.

“The reasoning in the case, it applies statewide if they have similar facts,” he said.

Multiple cities in California have subsidized proposed hotel developments on a case-by-case basis. Additionally, according to research commissioned by the city of Long Beach in May 2017, at least five cities and one county in California, including Cathedral City and Palm Springs, have formal economic incentive programs for hotels.

(Read More)

Does ‘right to work’ imperil the right to health? The effect of labour unions on workplace fatalities

Michael Zoorob
Department of Government, Harvard University

Abstract

Objective – Economic policies can have unintended consequences on population health. In recent years, many states in the USA have passed ‘right to work’ (RTW) laws which weaken labour unions. The effect of these laws on occupational health remains unexplored. This study fills this gap by analysing the effect of RTW on occupational fatalities through its effect on unionisation.

Methods – Two-way fixed effects regression models are used to estimate the effect of unionisation on occupational mortality per 100,000 workers, controlling for state policy liberalism and workforce composition over the period 1992-2016. In the final specification, RTW laws are used as an instrument for unionisation to recover causal effects.

Results – The Local Average Treatment Effect of a 1% decline in unionisation attributable to RTW is about a 5% increase in the rate of occupational fatalities. In total, RTW laws have led to a 14.2% increase in occupational mortality through decreased unionisation.

Conclusion – These findings illustrate and quantify the protective effect of unions on workers’ safety. Policymakers should consider the potentially deleterious effects of anti-union legislation on occupational health.

(Read More)

(PDF Copy of Report)

New Maryland Law Exposes General Contractors and Subcontractors to Greater Wage and Hour Liability (MD)

September 19, 2018
J.D.Supra

Effective October 1, 2018, general contractors with projects in Maryland will have a new headache to deal with. That’s when Maryland’s new law, the General Contractor Liability for Unpaid Wages Act, will go into effect. Under the Act, GCs will be jointly and severally liable for the failure of any subcontractors on the GC’s project to comply with Maryland’s existing wage and hour law. GCs will have to ensure that all of their subcontractors (including any sub-subcontractors or other firms they hire) pay their employees in accordance with Maryland law.

Under the new Act, an employee can sue both its employer and the GC on the job for up to three times the wages owed to the employee, plus attorneys’ fees and costs. This applies to any job involving “construction services”, which is broadly defined to include any work involving “building, reconstructing, improving, enlarging, painting, altering, and repairing” of property.

Subcontractors will not be spared the effects of this new law. They are required to indemnify a GC for “any wages, damages, interest, penalties, or attorneys’ fees owed as a result of the subcontractor’s violation.” That means the failure to comply with Maryland’s wage and hour laws can expose a subcontractor to significantly greater liability than before.

GCs should prepare for the new reality by reviewing their subcontractor agreements to ensure they are protected. They also will want to implement protocols for reviewing the pay records of subcontractors and any sub-subcontractors or suppliers they hire.
In addition to the above compliance controls, subcontractors should be on the lookout for new indemnification language in subcontracts and the partial releases that most GCs require in exchange for periodic payment on construction projects.

(Read More)

Study: Prevailing Wage Strengthens Minnesota’s Economy & Promotes a Skilled Workforce (MN)

School Project Data Shows the Law Boosts Local Hiring and Has No Effect on Construction Costs

Date: July 16, 2018
Author: Frank Manzo IV

St. Paul: In the wake of Michigan’s controversial decision to repeal its prevailing wage law, new research shows that Minnesota’s prevailing wage law boosts the economy by almost a billion dollars every year, creates 7,200 jobs, strengthens apprenticeship programs, increases local hiring by 10%, and has no significant effect on the overall cost of publicly-funded construction projects. The research was completed by the Midwest Economic Policy Institute and University of Colorado State University-Pueblo economist Dr. Kevin Duncan.

“This study brings important, new evidence that Minnesota’s prevailing wage law maintains wages and benefits for Minnesota’s construction workers, reducing their need for public safety programs and helping to keep these working families in the middle class, and it does this without a detectable impact on public construction costs,” said University of Minnesota labor economist Dr. Aaron Soujourner. Soujourner is a former economic adviser to President Trump and President Obama who performed a peer review of the research.

Prevailing wage functions as a local minimum wage for different types of skilled construction work. It is typically applied to publicly-funded projects like roads, bridges, and schools, and is based on what skilled craft workers in the community are most often paid for comparable work. The state’s average full-time, blue-collar construction worker currently earns about $48,000 per year.

“Prevailing wage is a win-win-win for Minnesota taxpayers, the state’s economy, and the construction industry,” said study co-author and Colorado State University-Pueblo economist Kevin Duncan. “While the data consistently shows that overall project costs and bid competition are not affected by the law, its impacts on wages, local hiring, welfare reliance, workforce productivity, and the overall stability of the labor market are especially significant.”

The study analyzed more than 600 winning bids for school construction projects in the Twin Cities region between 2015 and 2017. While the majority of bids did not include prevailing wages, there was no statistically significant difference in the average total cost of prevailing wage bids and non-prevailing wage bids. However, prevailing wage bids utilized 10% more local subcontractors.

“In terms of project costs and local hiring, the new data out of Minnesota mirrors what’s been seen in other states,” said study co-author and Midwest Economic Policy Institute Policy Director Frank Manzo IV. “A repeal of Minnesota’s prevailing wage law would not save money, but it would export more tax dollars to businesses from out of town.”

(Read More)

(PDF Copy of Full Report)

(Executive Summary)

(Key Findings)

VIDEO: Protecting Prevailing Wages (MN)

By Filiberto Nolasco Gomez
Workday Minnesota
October 1, 2018

MINNESOTA – The Fair Contracting Foundation works to elevate the legal enforcement of applicable laws to ensure quality contractors have the opportunity to compete fairly. One of their focuses is protecting prevailing wages.

“Working people in Minnesota are preserving part of the middle class through prevailing wage laws. Unfortunately, these laws have recently been repealed in several states, including Wisconsin, because some political leaders claim that construction wages are too high. Support the skilled people who build Minnesota; support your local economies; and support prevailing wages!”

(See Video)

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On issue of prevailing wage, Minnesota succeeds where neighboring states have failed (MN)

By Frank Manzo IV and Kevin Duncan. July 30th, 2018

A legislative virus that is shrinking middle-class incomes, eliminating jobs and causing skilled workforce shortages is spreading across the Midwest. It’s called repeal of state prevailing wage laws.

Prevailing wage laws establish local minimum wage rates for the skilled workers that build our schools, highways, bridges and other critical infrastructure Since 2015, three Midwest states (Michigan, Wisconsin and Indiana) have repealed their prevailing wage laws, and even more have tried to weaken them.

Minnesota has not. And a growing body of evidence tells us why the Gopher State has it right.

First, eliminating prevailing wage doesn’t save taxpayers money. Recent research out of Indiana showed no difference in construction costs before and after repeal of prevailing wage. Additionally, that state’s Assistant Republican House leader has publicly acknowledged that repeal “hasn’t saved a penny.” This is because labor represents only 23 percent of the total cost of a construction project. It is simply not possible to find significant cost savings by cutting worker wages and benefits.

Instead, research shows that when you eliminate the wage floor, any savings disappear due to a host of new problems. For example, arbitrary wage cuts discourage local skilled workers from pursuing careers in the construction trades; and these workers are often replaced by lower-skilled workers from out of town. Costly impacts in the form of lower productivity, more jobsite injuries and increased reliance on social safety net programs more than offset any savings from paying lower wages.

And repeal invites even larger consequences for the local economy.

In a study released this month, we examined hundreds of school construction bids over a three-year period in the Twin Cities area. We found that prevailing wage increases the share of construction value completed by local contractors by 10 percent. If prevailing wage were to be repealed, the tax dollars that employ local workers – and the ripple effects from their spending as consumers – would be exported out of the local community. In fact, we found that Minnesota’s prevailing wage law ultimately strengthens the economy and creates 7,200 jobs statewide.

(Read More)