Contractors, Your Subcontractors’ Wage And Hour Practices Are Your Business

Posted by National Alliance for Fair Contracting on

J.D. Supra
March 20, 2019

A prime or general contractor may be held jointly and severally liable for any violations, including wage and hour violations, by its subcontractors if the contractor is found to be a joint employer with the subcontractor under applicable federal or state law. As most contractors who work on construction projects covered by the federal Davis-Bacon Act (DBA) (direct contracts) and DBA Related Acts (federal funding or loan guarantees) (together, DBRAs) know, a prime or higher tier contractor is jointly and severally liable for violations by its subcontractors without the requirement of a joint employer finding. Many state prevailing wage laws (which require that wages for construction workers on public works projects be paid according to published wage scales) mirror the DBRAs’ liability law. The consequences for violations of the DBRAs, which are enforced by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), include back pay, penalties under the Contract Work Hours Safety Standards Act (CWHSSA) for overtime violations, and debarment from holding or working on any government contracts (after a referral and hearing process) for a period of up to three years.

For these reasons, contractors on DBRAs-covered projects should include terms and language in their subcontracts to help ensure their subcontractors are complying with the DBRAs regarding proper classification of workers, accurate timekeeping, timely payment of the correct prevailing wages and benefits based on job classification and hours worked, proper payment of overtime under CWHSSA, and the submission of accurate certified payroll. While rare, in addition to holding the prime or higher tier contractor responsible for payment of back pay and CWHSSA penalties for subcontractor violations if the subcontractor cannot pay or will not pay, the DOL has debarred prime contractors that have failed to properly monitor their subcontractors with respect to the DBRAs’ requirements.

District of Columbia; Maryland

For construction contractors who work on projects in the District of Columbia (D.C.) or Maryland, there is even more reason to mind the pay practices of subcontractors. In the last few years, both of these jurisdictions have enacted laws that, like the DBA, hold higher tier contractors jointly and severally liable for their subcontractors’ violations of local wage and hour laws.

In D.C., the local wage and hour laws specify that prevailing wages are covered, and can be recovered, in addition to local minimum and overtime wages.

The potential damages that can be recovered are crushing. In D.C., in addition to back pay, a contractor can be liable for an additional three times the back pay in damages (or quadruple recovery) as well as attorneys’ fees and additional penalties. In Maryland, the liability is slightly less, back pay plus two times the back pay in damages (or triple recovery) as well as attorneys’ fees and penalties.

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New Maryland Law Makes General Contractors Liable for Paying Their Subcontractors’ Employees (MD)

Posted by National Alliance for Fair Contracting on

May 25, 2018
JD Supra

At the tail-end of the 2018 legislative session, the Maryland General Assembly passed Senate Bill 853, making construction general contractors jointly and severally liable for the failure of their subcontractors to pay their employees in compliance with Maryland’s wage and hour laws. This new law will become effective October 1, 2018. California recently passed a similar measure, AB 1701, which is applicable to construction contracts entered into in that state on or after January 1, 2018.

This controversial new Maryland law contains both a multiplier and an attorneys’ fees provision, dramatically increasing its impact. Under existing law, an employer that fails to pay an employee in accordance with Maryland’s wage and hour laws may be liable to the employee for up to three times the wages owed, plus reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs. Until now, this liability has largely been confined to the direct employer-employee relationship. SB 853 expands the reach of Maryland’s wage and hour law, making a general contractor on a construction services project jointly and severally liable for a subcontractor’s failure to properly pay its employees. The term “construction services” is broadly defined to include “building, reconstructing, improving, enlarging, painting, altering, and repairing” in connection with real property. Notably, the liability imposed by this new law is not limited to first-tier subcontractors; rather, it expressly applies “regardless of whether the subcontractor is in a direct contractual relationship with the general contractor.” So, a general contractor is now liable for every wage and hour law violation occurring on a construction project, including those committed by subcontractors far down the construction chain. The time frame for this liability is also expansive. A claimant may make a claim against both the general contractor and the non-paying party as soon as two weeks after a violation occurs, and as late as three years after the occurrence.

For balance, the new law requires subcontractors to indemnify the general contractor for “any wages, damages, interest, penalties, or attorney’s fees owed as a result of the subcontractor’s violation.” This protection, however, is only as strong as the subcontractor’s ability to pay such damages and costs. SB 853 increases the likelihood that employees will sue both the general contractor and their direct employer when they believe they have not been properly paid. Because general contractors are now a target for additional litigation, the potential costs subject to indemnification by subcontractors will be increased by the general contractor’s costs of defense. Additionally, because the general contractor will not always be the direct employer of the plaintiff bringing such a claim, it may not have in its possession the employee-related documents necessary to defend a claim, including a potentially fraudulent claim. Notably, the law outlines two express exceptions to indemnification: (1) when indemnification is provided for in a contract between the general contractor and the subcontractor; or (2) when a violation arose due to the general contractor’s failure to make timely payments to the subcontractor.

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