The Role of State Attorneys General in Protecting Workers’ Rights

Posted by National Alliance for Fair Contracting on

American Constitution Society – Sept. 4, 2022

Terri Gerstein – Director of the State and Local Enforcement Project, Harvard Labor and Worklife Program. Senior Fellow, Economic Policy Institute.

This is the sixth piece in an eight-month long blog series aimed at highlighting state attorneys general and their work. You can find additional resources, news, and information about the State Attorney General Project here.

State Attorneys General (AGs) are playing an increasingly visible and important role in relation to workers’ rights. Although historically AGs have not been deeply involved in labor matters, since 2015, AG action in this area has mushroomed: ten states have dedicated labor units of various kinds, several jurisdictions have passed legislation granting state AGs expanded jurisdiction allowing them to address labor violations, and many AGs have brought cases to enforce workers’ basic rights.

As the midterms approach, with AG elections occurring in 30 states plus the District of Columbia, it is important to understand not only what AGs do in general, but also what they are doing and can do to protect our country’s workers.

Role of AGs

AGs are the top legal officers in their states. Offices vary considerably in terms of resources and jurisdiction, but some common elements are generally present. They represent state agencies in court and in appeals. AGs play a public advocacy role, enforcing the law in various ways to protect the people of their states, most commonly in areas like consumer and civil rights. Many AG offices also have criminal jurisdiction: a few are the sole criminal prosecutors in their states, like Delaware and Rhode Island, while most have jurisdiction in specific circumstances, such as in particular types of cases or upon request by a district attorney. AGs also issue opinion letters that provide authoritative guidance. AGs have also increasingly become involved in federal matters, suing the federal government (or weighing in to support it) and submitting comments regarding proposed rules. AGs also often propose or support legislation in their states, working together with state legislators. Finally, AGs are highly visible leaders, and they exercise soft power in various ways: authoring op-eds, issuing reports, and more.

AG Involvement in Workers’ Rights Matters

State AGs have pursued employers for wage theft, misclassifying workers as independent contractors instead of as employees, endangering workers, and otherwise violating core workplace protections. AGs have filed civil lawsuits, brought criminal prosecutions, and achieved settlements that collectively recovered tens of millions of dollars for working people. They’ve freed many thousands of workers from non-compete and no-poach agreements, stopped companies from stealing workers’ tips, and achieved other forms of injunctive relief. And they’ve sued to stop federal rollbacks of workers’ rights. Here are some highlights of AG action in the year since Labor Day 2021 (this list is not exhaustive):

Fighting misclassification of workers as independent contractors instead of as employees: The Illinois AG on Friday sued a construction company for violations of the state’s minimum wage, prevailing wage, and employee classification laws. The DC AG filed several misclassification lawsuits, including a drywall construction contractor (ultimately settled for over $1 million), an electrical contractor, a company (Arise Virtual Solutions) that provides customer service to top corporations like Disney and Airbnb; and Jan-Pro, a national janitorial contractor.

Criminal prosecution: The Virginia AGs office obtained a guilty plea to felony embezzlement charges of a drywall contractor who misclassified workers constructing the state’s General Assembly building as independent contractors instead of as employees. The Maryland AG obtained a guilty plea from a labor broker in the office’s first criminal labor case; a contractor building a state university forced workers to kick back money to him each week. Washington’s AG obtained guilty felony theft pleas from business owners who didn’t pay wage to 24 employees of their house cleaning business.

Rhode Island’s AG obtained a guilty plea in a case involving a janitorial contractor who failed to pay workers and evaded workers’ compensation laws in order to win a public contract on community college campuses. Rhode Island’s AG has been active in bringing criminal prosecutions related to wage theft; for example, an employer was charged with $93K of wage theft in a prevailing wages case involving construction on a school. The Rhode Island AG also led the effort to pass a bill strengthening penalties for wage theft testifying in a legislative hearing about the proposal.

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Sweeney Urges Follow Through on Effort to Prevent Misclassification of Workers (NJ)

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June 11, 2019, 10:40 am
Insider NJ

Trenton – The year-long wait for action by the task force established by the governor to stop the misclassification of workers has allowed unscrupulous developers and contractors to continue to ignore the labor laws intended to protect workers’ rights.

In May of 2018, Governor Murphy signed an executive order establishing the Task Force on Employee Misclassification to investigate employee misclassification and develop recommendations to enforce compliance with the laws “ensuring adequate workplace protections and providing employment-related benefits like unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation.”

To date, the task force has failed to produce any public results.

“The construction industry has been plagued by the dishonest and illegal actions of unscrupulous developers and contractors and we are all paying the price,” said Senator Sweeney (D-Gloucester/Salem/Cumberland). “The misclassification of workers has resulted in wage theft, off-the-books payments, underfunding workers’ compensation and avoiding taxes. They are exploiting workers for their own gain.”

Employers often misclassify their employees intentionally in order to reduce labor costs, avoid paying state and federal taxes, and boost their own profits.

“Protecting workers’ rights is an important function of government and there should be follow through on the intended work of the task force,” said Senator Sweeney. “During this delay, workers are losing benefits, wages and other compensation. It should be brought to an end.”

(See Article)

Supes Unanimously Approve $500K For Office Protecting Workers’ Rights (CA)

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Bay City News Service
Published 6:44 pm PST, Tuesday, February 12, 2019

The Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to stand with workers who have experienced wage theft or abuse from their employers by increasing the budget of its enforcement office by $500,000 on Tuesday. 

The decision brings the Office of Labor Standards Enforcement’s overall funding to $1 million, which will be directed toward multilingual workers’ rights trainings, individual interviews for workers who report abuse and greater partnerships with community-based rights organizations. 

The training curriculum may include education on human and labor trafficking, wage theft, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and retaliation, as the office moves toward expanding its purview in these areas. 

The office was established in November 2017, but many workers argued its scope was limited. Some individuals said they had won settlements against their employers, but the money had not yet been awarded to them due to a lack of enforcement. 

The supervisors’ vote begins to address funding for both issues. 

“This decision will have a major impact on wage theft in Santa Clara County and help to protect workers from wage theft, human trafficking and sexual assault,” Derecka Mehrens, executive director of Working Partnerships USA, said in a news release. 

Smaller local organizations, such as those directed to Vietnamese, Filipino and Chinese-American communities, will be able to work with the county to identify industries that frequently violate the law.  

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State Attorneys General can play key roles in protecting workers’ rights

Posted by National Alliance for Fair Contracting on

Report * By Terri Gerstein and Marni von Wilpert * May 7, 2018

Summary

State attorneys general can be key allies in protecting workers’ rights. While there are variations in the structure, resources, and jurisdiction of state attorney general offices, these offices often have a range of powers that can enable them to play a key role in advancing and defending workplace protections by ensuring that employers comply with the law. This report describes some of the ways state attorneys general have been involved in protecting workers’ rights.

Introduction: Broader state enforcement is needed to enforce workers’ rights laws

Working people in America are being shortchanged: They are working harder, but inequality is rising and wages for all but the highest-paid workers are failing to keep up with economywide productivity growth (Gould 2018). Even worse, many workers are not being paid what they are owed by their employers. The failure to enforce workers’ rights laws has resulted in billions of dollars in wages being stolen from workers’ paychecks (Levine 2018; McNicholas, Mokhiber, and Chaikof 2017). For example, in the 10 most populous states in the country, each year 2.4 million workers covered by state or federal minimum wage laws report being paid less than the applicable minimum wage in their state-approximately 17 percent of the eligible low-wage workforce.

The Wage and Hour Division (WHD) of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL)-the federal agency responsible for enforcing minimum wage and overtime laws-has been stretched increasingly thin. The number of payroll jobs in the U.S. is more than three times as large as it was in the 1940s-146.6 million in 2017 compared with 45.0 million in 1948-but the number of wage and hour investigators at WHD has remained essentially the same (BLS various years). In 1948, WHD employed one investigator for every 22,600 covered workers; today, WHD has only one per every 135,000 workers (Cooper and Kroeger 2017). As a result, the agency’s ability to effectively police violations of labor law has suffered: from 1980 to 2015, the number of wage and hour violation cases WHD investigated decreased by 63 percent (Cooper and Kroeger 2017).

Moreover, the decline in union rates has put more workers at risk of labor law violations. Workers not covered by unions-those who are neither in a union nor covered by a union contract-are almost twice as likely (4.4 percent) to experience minimum wage violations as those in a union or covered by a union contract (2.3 percent) (Cooper and Kroeger 2017). And unions continue to be under attack: Trump’s budget blueprint calls for funding cuts to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), the federal agency charged with upholding private-sector workers’ rights to organize and join unions (Opfer 2018).

These staffing shortages and funding cuts show that the Trump administration is not making enforcement of our nation’s labor laws a priority. To protect workers’ rights to fair pay and fair treatment on the job, funding and resources for federal labor and employment law enforcement agencies need to increase dramatically. In addition, state governments can and should take up the fight to protect workers’ basic rights on the job. State labor departments are usually the primary enforcer of state labor laws, but there are other governmental entities that can and do engage in worker protection activities, including state attorney general offices.

This report explores the ability of state attorneys general to take up enforcement of our labor laws and protection of workers’ rights. By examining enforcement actions among a number of states, this report highlights the various ways state attorneys general exercise jurisdiction to protect workers and enforce labor laws.

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(PDF Copy of Full Report)

Governor Murphy Signs Executive Order Establishing Task Force on Employee Misclassification (NJ)

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May 3, 2018

Trenton – Governor Phil Murphy today signed an executive order establishing the Task Force on Employee Misclassification. Employee misclassification can allow employers to escape their legal responsibilities to their workers, such as ensuring adequate workplace protections and providing employment-related benefits like unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation. Employers often misclassify their employees intentionally in order to reduce labor costs and avoid paying state and federal taxes.

“The exploitation of workers is not only unethical – it is illegal,” said Governor Phil Murphy. “In New Jersey, we promote fairness, fight against discrimination, and work to end unfair labor practices. I am proud to take this step forward to end a practice that creates an unfair advantage over companies that play by the rules and hurts our working families.”

“We must crack down on wage theft,” said Attorney General Gurbir Grewal. “More and more employers are misclassifying their workers as ‘independent contractors’ because they think it’s cheaper than doing things the right way. But this practice isn’t just illegal. It actually makes New Jersey’s communities poorer in the long run by denying workers the wages and benefits to which they are legally entitled, and that are essential to building a fair and prosperous economy. We are proud to join with other states in fighting this growing problem.”

“Protecting workers’ rights is an important function of government and that role cannot just be limited to private businesses, but to the State and who it hires,” said Senate President Steve Sweeney. “When someone is in effect working as employee, but deliberately misclassified as an independent contractor, that worker is losing benefits, wages and other compensation. That just isn’t acceptable. This Task Force should ensure that the State is compliant with best practices. I look forward to working with them on this important issue. Anyone working for the State of New Jersey should know that their job, compensation and responsibilities match their job classification. This is about fairness.”

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New York State Reciprocal Debarment Legislation Signed into Law by Governor Cuomo

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PRESS RELEASE GlobeNewswire
Dec. 22, 2017, 02:09 PM

On December 18, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo signed into law new reciprocal debarment legislation to amend labor and general municipal law, as it relates to reciprocity of debarments imposed under the federal Davis-Bacon Act. The bill states that any contractor debarred by the U.S. Department of Labor for violations of the Davis-Bacon Act cannot work on New York State public works projects. The statute will take effect in March 2018.

“This is an important new State law that ensures that contractors barred on the federal level from public works projects won’t have the ability to win new projects in the State of New York,” said John Ballantyne, NRCC’s Executive Secretary-Treasurer. “We’re pleased to support a law that ensures that hardworking men and women carpenters receive good pay and benefits from reputable, law-abiding companies in the State.”

…

“Unscrupulous contractors that violate workers’ rights don’t deserve to be rewarded with contracts paid for by hardworking taxpayers,” said Assemblymember Harry Bronson. “This law is a step in the right direction to help ensure that workers are protected from dishonest employers and our communities’ projects are completed by upstanding businesses that pay and treat their employees properly. Federal law, under the Davis-Bacon Act, dictates that contractors are prohibited from obtaining federal contracts if they’ve been debarred by the U.S. Department of Labor for wage payment violations. My legislation corrects a loophole in New York State law that allowed federally debarred contractors to still obtain state public works contracts. As a member of the Assembly Committee on Labor, I will continue to be an outspoken advocate for workers’ rights and continue to stand up for fair wages and vital protections.”

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